i 131 dose calculator

Important Administration Instructions. (obtained within 28 days prior to dosing): Calculate therapeutic dose to deliver 65 cGy total body irradiation. The calculator estimates an individual's risk of developing thyroid cancer from their exposure and provides an estimate of probability of causation, sometimes called assigned share (PC/AS) for individuals who have been diagnosed with thyroid cancer. 0000002885 00000 n Radioactive iodine (I-131), an isotope of iodine that emits radiation, is used for medical purposes. They also may use it to treat thyroid cancer. 0000009417 00000 n 0000006313 00000 n If you have been taking anti-thyroid medications, you must stop at least three days before the therapy is given. Nucl Med Commun. 0000002968 00000 n x]Ysu~/ItS}9$.l+v3m-u4N*7 I RROr@?.}mx4J?/Nnvwif'wjxti=Rms?ES=Aoken+D%v]#E\ Iodine is essential for proper function of the thyroid gland, which uses it to make the thyroid hormones. 2019 Nov 28;2019:8135671. doi: 10.1155/2019/8135671. Do not prepare food for others that requires prolonged handling with bare hands. During the Cold War in the mid-1940s through early 1960s, the U.S. government conducted about 100 nuclear weapons (atomic bomb) tests in the atmosphere at a test site in Nevada, more than 100 in the Pacific, and onethe first everin New Mexico. Doctors also use radioactive iodine I-131 to treat thyroid cancer. Damle N, Bal C, Kumar P, Reddy R, Virkar D. Hormones (Athens). The other drug forms, such as inhalation capsules or tablets, are not recommended for acute asthma. Before Hyperthyroidism treatment is almost always done on an outpatient basis because the dose required is relatively small. There are two common methods of determining the optimal I-131 dose: calculated dose or fixed dose. It is highly likely that this procedure will destroy some or most of your thyroid gland. %PDF-1.6 % The third method, which was first introduced by Benua et al. 0000011281 00000 n The recommended dose for orally administered Sodium Iodide I 131 capsules or solution is based on the thyroid gland uptake as well as the size of the gland. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. There are two common methods of determining the optimal I-131 dose: calculated dose or fixed dose. Conclusion: You should thus always check if you are administering the appropriate drug to the appropriate person through the appropriate route in the appropriate dose! For instance, in 2016 a group of scientists from France published an article in the Journal of Clinical Oncology in which they summarized the results of their clinical trial on patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (cancer of large bowel in the IV stage of the disease with metastases). Read on to learn what the drug dosage calculation formula is and how to use it. Additionally, many institutions advocate fixed dose regimens stating that it is not necessary to use dose calculation methods due to the additional time and cost requirement . official website and that any information you provide is encrypted When a small dose of I-131 is swallowed, it is absorbed into the bloodstream in the gastrointestinal(GI) tract. Material and method: cw#topA=_b[`|I3 t&h0>5+/c' !Gtd;nHDgUVg6;W nz*w*aF&c!2~DdGS+mYAE.Pb,22Tg"a5;0E/zb?MAxR1U3+,[snMPn stream 0000067308 00000 n Ask your doctor to recommend an over-the-counter pain reliever if this occurs. It is concentrated from the blood by the thyroid gland, where it begins destroying the gland's cells. In 2017, investigators released a new version of the tool that includes exposures from sites outside of the United States (global fallout). Scinitiscanning: 1.85 to 3.7 megabecquerels (50 to 100 microcuries). 1 dose must do a pre-administration count . However, this tool can never replace a professional doctor's assessment. Therapy Dose Documentation Form in Section E: "I-131 Therapy Calculation & Justification Record for Exposure from the Patient". The mean I-131 treatment dose was 14.84 5.71 mCi (min-max, 7-30 mCi). It can also recalculate the dosage expressed in mg/kg into doses of liquid medication. Success Rates and their Related Factors in Patients Receiving Radioiodine (I-131) Treatment for Hyperthyroidism. Read on to learn what the drug dosage calculation formula is and how to use it. 284 0 obj <> endobj Determination of I-131 Dose: Diffuse Toxic Goiter (Graves Disease) Can use fixed dose between 10-15mCi or try to adjust based on size of gland, presence of nodularity and uptake Goal is to make patient hypothyroid Can be repeated in 3-6 month intervals Orbitopathy may worsen after treatment Toxic Nodular Goiter (Plummer's Disease) The calculated dose method is based on the following formula: 75-200 microcuri/gram of thyroid gland divided by the percentage of radioiodine uptake at 24 hours (24-hour RAIU). These tests injected radioactive material into the atmosphere, much of which became widely dispersed before being deposited as fallout. This sentence still holds today. The technologist does not clean up the spill. The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. A patient receives 100 mCi Sm-153-EDTMP and is driven home from the nuclear medicine department in a car or taxi. The thyroid controls many body processes, including heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature, as well as childhood growth and development. This is why we should perform our dosage calculations carefully and accurately. ; Obtain a pregnancy test in females of reproductive potential prior to administration to verify the . 0000009643 00000 n However, you should avoid prolonged, close contact with other people for several days, particularly pregnant women and small children. For more general information, read Get the Facts About Exposure to I-131 Radiation. calculate the dose of I-131 using dosimetry rather than to give empiric doses. 0000015788 00000 n NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. Maximum daily dose is an important information for a doctor and a patient also. It is thought that risk is higher for people who have had multiple exposures and for people exposed at a younger age. It is known that children have a higher-than-average risk of developing thyroid cancer many years later if they were exposed to radiation. But few people can recall the exact amounts or sources of the milk they drank as children. %%EOF The feasibility of low-dose oral lithium therapy and its effect on thyroidal radioiodine uptake, retention, and hormonal parameters in various subcategories of hyperthyroid patients: a pilot study. 0000073823 00000 n A dose is the amount of a drug/medicine taken at once. Are you looking for a healthy dose of antipyretic medication for kids? 0000003588 00000 n Radioactive iodine (I-131), an isotopeof iodinethat emits radiation, is used for medical purposes. 0000010547 00000 n Dose: People younger than 15 at the time of aboveground testing (between 1945 and 1963) who drank milk, and who lived in the Mountain West, Midwestern, Eastern, and Northeastern United States, probably have a higher thyroid cancer risk from exposure to I-131 in fallout than people who lived in other parts of the United States, who were over the age of 15 in the 1940s, or who did not drink milk. Exposure to I-131 can increase the risk of thyroid cancer. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. When treating a patient, or just taking a medication by yourself, we always need to wonder what is the exact dose of the drug we choose. An official website of the United States government. 0000004882 00000 n Outside links: For the convenience of our users, RadiologyInfo.org provides links to relevant websites. Radioiodide therapy in women of childbearing age should only be performed when appropriate contraceptive measures have been taken or when pregnancy testing is negative. 0000034909 00000 n Hyperthyroidism can be caused by Graves' disease, in which the entire thyroid gland is overactive, or by nodules within the gland which are locally overactive in producing too much thyroid hormone. There appears to be no difference in response in patients with thyroid cancer that has spread outside the neck (metastatic cancer) with either method. The patients should be questioned carefully regarding previous medication and procedures involving radiographic contrast media. Fresh milk from backyard or farm cows and goats usually contained more I-131 than store-bought milk. 0000016279 00000 n ICALC is a program intended for calculating the radiation dose to members of the public resulting from release of patients who have received I-131 for medical purposes. 0000006862 00000 n See also the SNMMI Guideline for General Imaging. Researchers suspect that rising rates of obesity are also influencing rates. Contemporary scientists are also looking at the issue of drug dosage. Waterproof gloves should be used during the entire handling and administration procedure. Thyroid uptake values should be determined at 6 hours and 24 hours after administration. The thyroid is equipped with an active system or "pump" for moving iodine into its cells, where it is concentrated as iodide. The dosage calculator finds what dose of a medication is appropriate for your weight. These findings confirmed by subsequent CT images. For additional information, see Get the Facts about Exposure to I-131 Radiation. How can people reach a sound decision about their risk of thyroid cancer? Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 5 Feb 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 22 Feb 2023), ASHP (updated 12 Feb 2023) and others. 0000022146 00000 n Metso S, Jaatinen P, Huhtala H, Luukkaala T, Oksala H, Salmi J. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). This is a relatively small group of drugs. x]Ys8~w^vjB 1mDO}Xbuea"3A%jwD: xW?=}'[iD*rZT5/_y/^J\|\|!R!E$E^m&+>?he1:~XY{5?VutV/sg-~.l\ Despite such challenges, government agencies organized expert scientific teams that have devoted many years to learning more about I-131. To calculate the decay of the activity for a selected radionuclide, or, To calculate the estimated radiation dose to other individuals from a patient who has been The rate of breakdown can occur quickly in some radioactive substances, often within a few days. Record-keeping was incomplete at the time of the bomb testing. 0000003898 00000 n These include heparin, antibiotics, and muscle relaxants. Please contact your physician with specific medical questions or for a referral to a radiologist or other physician. Using the Section III calculator we get: A thyroid cancer patient requires 200 mCi, A radiation inspector comes through your department and detects 10,000 dpm from a wastebasket in a public area. In this case, the doctor usually suggests the patient a sample dosage; the patient then modifies it according to his/her needs and the situation (e.g., insulin). Small amounts will also be excreted in saliva, sweat, tears, vaginal secretions, and feces. UAMS Occupational Health and Safety has collected radiation calculators for the following purposes: Occupational Health and Safety provides radiation calculators to: Calculations are based on Appendix B of the NRC Regulatory Guide 8.39 (revised April 2020). RadiologyInfo.org is not a medical facility. Disclaimer. With our text, you will also learn more about the various different kinds of dosing which you may encounter when using different medications. I now hold U.S. refugee or asylee status, and I am applying for a Refugee Travel Document. Calculate the remaining dose after each measurement utilizing the formula on the patient discharge data form. A number of reports have been published documenting what they have learned (1997, 1999). Background: Nuclear medicine exams pinpoint molecular activity. Yazdanpanah G, Nematdar M, Talebian H, Shabestani Monfared A. The patient dose should be measured by a suitable radioactivity calibration system immediately prior to administration. 0000067800 00000 n However, regarding drugs, there are certain different kinds of dosing that depend on the specific drug and/or the patient. (PK) of iobenguane I 131 following a dosimetric dose were characterized in patients with malignant PPGL and other malignancies. 0 The dose of the drug depends on the weight of the patient. Thyroidal uptake and size should be determined by the physician prior to treatment and may be useful in calculating the therapeutic dose to be administered to the individual patient. H-117 - Introductory Health Physics Slide 31 Using the inverse square law, calculate the dose rate at 4 feet away from a point source if the dose rate is originally 1000 R/hr at 2 feet. . 0000046967 00000 n 2 0 obj Copyright 2023 Radiological Society of North America, Inc. (RSNA). I-131 Radiation Exposure from Fallout - NCI Print Email Get the Facts about Exposure to I-131 Radiation Use the Thyroid Dose/Risk Calculator This calculator estimates radiation dose and risk of developing thyroid cancer from fallout exposure from nuclear tests. 0000013077 00000 n Administered dose = microcurie per gram x mass of thyroid (g) x 100 divided by the 24 hour thyroid uptake (%). The cause of most cases of thyroid cancer is not known. That's it! The Administering Clinician should perform calculations and complete the form where indicated before the patient is released. Between 1945 and 1980, the U.S., the U.S.S.R., the U.K., France and China carried out more than 500 atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons totaling the explosive equivalent of 440 megatons of TNT. If you are pregnant, discuss this issue with your doctor. Make sure to take a look at our ibuprofen dosage calculator and the paracetamol dosage calculator! 2012 Oct-Dec;11(4):451-7. doi: 10.14310/horm.2002.1377. Therapeutic dose: 3700 to 7400 megabecquerels (100 to 200 millicuries) depending on the extent of metastatic sites. The most popular route of administration is oral, however, in some medical situations this route is unavailable, ineffective or associated with a high number of adverse reactions. I-131 collects in the thyroid gland. The calculated radioiodine dose would have been, on average, 32% higher (12.3 3.8 mCi; P < .05) had early RAIU been used. Care should be taken to minimize radiation exposure to the patient and occupational workers. 4 0 obj Now, divide it by the dose in one tablet. The concentrated sodium iodide I 131 solution must be diluted and prepared prior to administration [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)]. A patient injected for a. Doctors use it to treat an overactive thyroid, a condition called hyperthyroidism. Current Regulatory Criteria 1 dose is in the form ofliquid solution, the technologist who administers the . Divide the dose by the medicine concentration to obtain the liquid dose: Determine the single dose by multiplying the weight with the dosage. Drugs with one fix dosage are the easiest to use; you just take it and forget about it (e.g., vaccines). Depending on the stage of pregnancy, I-131 given to the mother may damage the baby's thyroid gland. i~mdV This procedure requires little to no special preparation. NRC limits exposure to family, friends, and the public to 5 mSv/yr. The main cause of hyperthyroidism is diffuse toxic goiter (Graves' disease), and the treatment of choice after medical therapy failure is radioiodine (I-131). Exposure Calculations/Release Criteria: Calculations must be completed as directed on the Radiopharmaceutical Therapy Dose Documentation Form in Section E: "I-131 Therapy Calculation & Justification Record for Exposure from the Patient". Acknowledgements 0000066589 00000 n 0000053728 00000 n It can also recalculate the dosage expressed in mg/kg into doses of liquid medication. 0000001836 00000 n 0000003282 00000 n The patient sits in the back on the right. For very enlarged glands and severely hyperthyroid patients, larger doses of 160 to 200 microcuries per gram are given. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The T. An ultrasound technologist balks at performing a gallbladder procedure in a patient who has just had a Tc-99m-disofenin ("HIDA") scan. EANM Dosimetry Committee series on standard operational procedures for internal dosimetry : Dosimetry for 131 I-mIBG treatment of neuroendocrine tumours (2020) EANM practical guidance on uncertainty analysis for molecular radiotherapy absorbed dose calculations (2018) Calculations based on the NRC Regulatory Guide 8.39 (revised April 1997) To calculate the estimated radiation dose to other individuals from a patient who has been administered Iodine-131, or Conversion of radiation units. In addition to nuclear testing in Nevada, the Pacific, and New Mexico, Americans were potentially exposed to I-131 from a number of events, including: Scientists are working to find out more about ways to measure and address potential I-131 exposure. Thyroid cancer is uncommon and is usually curable. Doctors do not use radioiodine therapy in pregnant patients. Final dose calibrator assay should be used for all calculations. Sodium iodide I 131 capsule USP (diagnostic - oral) is available in 100 mCi at time of calibration. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Get the Facts About Exposure to I-131 Radiation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy of the Thyroid. Use the Thyroid Dose/Risk Calculator When a small dose of I-131 is swallowed, it is absorbed into the bloodstream in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Report to authorized user. The calculator estimates an individuals risk of developing thyroid cancer from their exposure and provides an estimate of probability of causation, sometimes called assigned share (PC/AS) for individuals who have been diagnosed with thyroid cancer. Your radiologist can be more specific for your given situation, but this is usually for two to five days. While the amount of milk consumed is important in determining exposure to I-131, it is also important to know the source of the milk. 0000035262 00000 n 0000045969 00000 n You should not eat or drink after midnight on the day of the procedure. This gives them the potential to find disease in its earliest stages. The early version of this tool estimated exposure and risk from fallout from the Nevada Test Site (NTS). And they were more likely to have consumed milk contaminated with I-131. <>/OutputIntents[<>] /Metadata 240 0 R/ViewerPreferences 241 0 R>> Her thyroid uptake is 55%, her thyroid biological half-life is 5 days, and her renal function is normal. These hormones regulate all aspects of the body's metabolism, the chemical process of converting food into energy. The Cerebellum Posterior Lobe Associates with the Exophthalmos of Primary Hyperthyroidism: A Resting-State fMRI Study. Relationship between body mass index and external exposure in hyperthyroid patients treated with iodine-131. If you are breastfeeding, you must stop several days before to ensure that milk production has also stopped. 0000072831 00000 n endobj National Library of Medicine Web page review process: This Web page is reviewed regularly by a physician with expertise in the medical area presented and is further reviewed by committees from the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) and the American College of Radiology (ACR), comprising physicians with expertise in several radiologic areas. and transmitted securely. Are there permanent side effects from radioactive iodine therapy? 0000053923 00000 n 0000054197 00000 n 3 0 obj 0000017179 00000 n I-123 diagnostic whole body images demonstrate no abnormal focus of activity to suggest metastasis. Use disposable eating utensils or wash your utensils separately from others. The effect of this treatment on the thyroid gland usually takes between one and three months to develop. 1.c. I am a permanent resident as a direct result of refugee Many facilities require a pregnancy test within 24 hours prior to giving I-131 in all women of child-bearing age who have not had a surgical procedure to prevent pregnancy. Nuclear medicine exams pinpoint molecular activity. After 1997, criteria based upon expected radiation dose to a "member of the public" being < 500 millirem. You must be sure you are not pregnant before receiving I-131. 1.b. The thyroid is a gland in the neck that produces two hormones. The Administering Clinician should perform calculations and complete the form where indicated At Rajavithi Hospital, the I-131 dose (mean = 14.84 5.71 mCi) is estimated based on the gland weight by palpation and other additional clinical factors. Decay of Tc-99m: A technologist inadvertently spills a mCi of Tc-99m on the floor while injecting a patient with 25 mCi of Tc-99m-MIBI. The following guidelines comply with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission: Patients who need to travel immediately after radioactive iodine treatment are advised to carry a letter of explanation from their physician. This page was reviewed on November, 01, 2022. All you have to do is use the following formula: Medicine concentration Amount of active substance per a given volume of your drug. A radiologist who has specialized training in nuclear medicine and others, possibly including an endocrinologist, thyroid surgeon, and radiation safety officer, will be part of your treatment team. <> Using the Section III calculator we get. Review List the three methods of reducing your exposure/dose: Intensity decreases _____ with the square of the distance from the source due only to the change in _____. 131 I is a -emitting radionuclide with a physical half-life of 8.1 d; a principal -ray of 364 keV; and a principal -particle with a maximum energy of 0.61 MeV, an average energy of 0.192 MeV, and a mean range in tissue of 0.4 mm (1,2).Therapy means the oral administration of 131 I as sodium iodide to treat papillary and . FOIA xb``d`` l@Q&&S $C*]!>5(. Patients should be adequately hydrated before and after administration of sodium iodide-I-131 to assure rapid urinary elimination of the iodide that is not absorbed by the thyroid. The group that was treated with an individually adjusted dose of fluorouracil (antimetabolite drug used in the treatment of many cancers, including colon cancer) had a better response to the therapy, a higher survival rate and a lower grade of toxicity, than those treated with standard doses. Fims4't#A Gdi/z?m APm'+ 'G8jv3]SZCpy%!QG2r $1a%;Cv",-Ou&uw5wxgLQ :w8wWpNA)@ir2?*"!zKeoNo%QD@_q)"mf,E/v*D;0?fa_>-MuiNqf0Yp at the National Cancer Institute, An official website of the United States government, Risk Assessment Macros and Software Programs, Thyroid Dose and Risk Calculator for Nuclear Weapons Fallout for the U.S. Population, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, online calculator to estimate the radiation dose received by the thyroid gland from radionuclides in fallout from nuclear tests. 0000065896 00000 n 0000003128 00000 n 0000005561 00000 n Is calculation of the dose in radioiodine therapy of hyperthyroidism worth while? This information was put together to educate the American people about the potential health risks from exposure to I-131 from nuclear weapons testing. DEFINITIONS. Smaller doses are given for cancer remnants in the thyroid bed or cervical lymph nodes and larger doses are given for lung and bone metastases. 0000002362 00000 n Therefore, farm animals that grazed in fields within a few days after a test would have consumed higher levels of I-131 than animals grazing later. Most radioiodine accidents are in a soluble form and will be rapidly absorbed via inhalation, ingestion, It can be expressed in mg per ml. 0000046418 00000 n Radioactive I-131 Patient Release Dose Calculator Release of patients administered radioactive materials procedures for calculating doses based on patient specific factors. Contact IT Development. Typically, it is a slow-growing cancer that is highly treatable. trailer Depending on the location, grazing cows and goats sometimes consumed contaminated grasses resulting in I-131 collecting in the animals' milk. Application Type. Type the. Pre-menopausal women should fully discuss the use of I-131 with their doctor. The mean gland weight was 54.35 32.95 grams, and the mean 3-hour RAIU was 55.5 23.69%. government site. Form I-131 10/31/22 . 23. From what is known about thyroid cancer and radiation, scientists think that people who were children during the period of atomic bomb testing are at higher risk for developing thyroid cancer. The thyroid gland in adults, however, appears to be more resistant to the effects of radiation. 0000009089 00000 n 0000035438 00000 n High fixed dose I-131 treatment should be preferred in geriatric TNG patients in order to treat persistent hyperthyroidism rapidly due to systemic co-morbidities. In the sixteenth-century Swiss scientist Paracelsus said: "All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a poison. Depending on the amount of radioactivity administered, your endocrinologist or radiation safety officer may recommend continued precautions for up to several weeks after treatment. Three days later a surgeon, wishing to operate, hesitates to do so fearing radiation exposure. To study the mean I-131 dose for the initial treatment of hyperthyroidism in Rajavithi Hospital, to find the clinical factors that correlate with I-131 treatment dose, and to devise a formula to predict the optimal I-131 treatment dose. 0000023059 00000 n 0000007905 00000 n This may be misleading for ablation dose calculations. To locate a medical imaging or radiation oncology provider in your community, you can search the ACR-accredited facilities database. The dosage of the drug depends on the patient's body weight. 0000005718 00000 n In addition, the calculator estimates your risk of developing thyroid cancer from that exposure. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. Moreover, some drugs are only given topically they're applied directly onto the skin or eye, into the rectum or vagina, or as an inhalation. Consult WARNINGS section for dosing related precautions. . ago. The dosage calculator finds what dose of a medication is appropriate for your weight. TvZ,OVR\T"X1oM#\v%2.!K0}PFN##a"/sHF$+/!!zyG> _~G2y@g8o>yD?^'"pFFEB"h8''`oOaR. An example of a well known but potentially toxic substance is Tylenol (paracetamol). 0000005415 00000 n Radiopharmaceuticals should be used only by physicians who are qualified by training and experience in the safe handling of radionuclides. Radioiodine therapy is a nuclear medicine treatment. The Administering Clinician should perform calculations and complete the form where indicated before the patient is released. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Cancer investigators have been studying the health effects of radiation for decades, including radioactive fallout, making radiation one of the best-understood agents of environmental injury. This was a retrospective study of 510 patients with a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism who received initial I-131 treatment at the Department of Nuclear Medicine in Rajavithi Hospital between January 2014 and June 2015. For more general information, readGet the Facts About Exposure to I-131 Radiation. 0000012192 00000 n You can always double-check with the dosage calculator. As you can see, it's worth using drug dosage calculators! These include cancer, heart disease, gastrointestinal, endocrine, or neurological disorders, and other conditions. Their thyroid glands were still developing during the testing period. 0000005275 00000 n <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/StructParents 0>> Usually, a single dose is successful in treating hyperthyroidism. 0000004056 00000 n If you treated her as an outpatient, what is the highest expected radiation dose to someone with whom she shares a household? It is safe and effective but requires you to observe certain precautions to decrease the small amount of radiation that other people may receive from your body and bodily fluids. The amount of I-131 people absorbed depends on: Age and residence during those years are usually known. Please type your comment or suggestion into the text box below. The mean duration of ATD therapy was 3.54 4.02 years (min-max, 0.8-40.6 years). Frequently, your doctor will recommend stopping anti-thyroid medication for five to seven days before therapy. Precautions. 5. However, these two factors do not fully explain the increases. The costs for specific medical imaging tests, treatments and procedures may vary by geographic region. 2017 Feb;100 Suppl 1:S183-91. There is no equipment used during radioactive iodine therapy, the patient simply swallows a prepared dose.

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